University of Innsbruck
University of Innsbruck (German: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck) has been a university in Austria since 1669.
It is currently the largest education facility in the Austrian Bundesland of Tirol and third largest in Austria according to student population, behind Vienna University and the University of Graz.
History
In 1562 a Jesuit grammar school was established in Innsbruck, today the "Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck". It was financed by the salt mines in Hall in Tirol and was founded as a university in 1669 by Leopold I with four faculties. In 1782 this was reduced to a mere lyceum (as were all other Universities in Austrian Empire, apart from Prague, Vienna and Lviv), but it was re-established as the University of Innsbruck in 1826 by Emperor Franz I. The university is therefore named after both of its founding fathers with the official title of: "Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck" (Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea).
In the 1850s Habsburgs gradually closed University of Olomouc as a consequence of the Olomouc students' and professors' participation on the 1848 revolutions and the Czech National Revival. The ceremonial equipment of the University of Olomouc was then transferred to the University of Innsbruck. The original Olomouc ceremonial maces from the 1580s are now used as the maces of the Innsbruck Medical University and Theological faculty of University of Innsbruck, while the Olomouc Rector's Chain from the 19th century is nowadays used as the University of Innsbruck Rector's chain. Many years later Innsbruck, in 1998, donated an exact copy of the Rector's Mace to Palacký University, but it is still, in 2011, using the Olomouc University original maces and other regalia as its own ceremonial equipment.
In 2005 copies of letters written by the emperors Frederick II and Conrad IV were found in the university's library. They arrived in Innsbruck in the 18th century, having left the charterhouse Allerengelberg in Schnals due to its abolishment.
The faculties
The new plan of organisation (having become effective on October 1, 2004) installed the following 15 faculties to replace the previously existing six faculties:
- Catholic Theology Faculty,
- Faculty of Law,
- Faculty of Marketing,
- Faculty of Politics and Sociology,
- Faculty of Economics and Statistics,
- Educational Science (Education, Work Communication and Psychotherapy),
- History of Philosophy Faculty,
- Philosophy and Culture Science Faculty,
- Faculty of Biology
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacology,
- Faculty of Geography and Atmospheric Sciences,
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics,
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports science,
- Faculty of Architecture,
- Faculty of Civil engineering.
As of 1 January 2004 the Faculty of Medicine was sectioned off from the main university to become a university in its own right. This is now called the Innsbruck Medical University (Medizinische Universität Innsbruck).
Buildings
The university buildings are spread across the city and there is no university campus as such. The most important locations are:
- Theology faculty was opened 1562 as a Jesuit School in 1766 and the University used buildings from the Jesuit church in the Leopoldsaal (the original university).
- In 1924 main building of the university library opened.
- 1969 the scientific faculty and the construction faculty in Hötting west was opened.
- 1976 construction began on “Geiwi tower” for the former Paranormal Science faculty, an addition to the main building.
- 1997 The Social Science faculty (built in the former Fenner barracks) was opened.
- Several university clinics of the medical university in the area became Tyrolian national hospitals.
Points of interest
Nobel laureates
- Hans Fischer, Chemist (b. 1881 Höchst a. M., d. 1945 Munich)
- He was widely respected for his research on hemoglobin and chlorophyll, and on the synthesis of haemin. He also succeeded in explaining the constitution of chlorophyll. Fischer held chairs in Innsbruck (1916-18), Vienna (1918-21) and Munich (1921-45). He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1930.
- After studying in Graz he worked under Franz Exner at the Department of Physics in Vienna, becoming a Dozent in 1910 and an assistant at the new Institute of Radium Research. The discovery of cosmic radiation is particularly associated with him. Hess was appoined to Graz in 1920 and in 1931 to Innsbruck. In 1937 he returned to Graz but was forced to emigrate in 1938. He obtained a professorship at Fordham University in New York. He won the Nobel prize for Physics in 1936.
- Fritz Pregl, Physician and Chemist (b. 1869 Laibach (Ljubljana), d. 1930 Graz)
- He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923 for making important contributions to quantitative organic microanalysis, one of which was the improvement of the combustion train technique for elemental analysis. From 1913 on he was professor of Medical Chemistry in Innsbruck for three years.
- He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins. He was at the University of Innsbruck from 1916 till 1918 at the Institute of Medical Chemistry.
Victims of political persecution and terror
- Ignacio Ellacuría, S.J. (Portugalete, Biscay, Spain, 9 November 1930 – San Salvador, 16 November 1989) was a Roman Catholic Jesuit priest, philosopher, and theologian. Ignacio Ellacuría was a close friend and colleague of the scholars Ignacio Martín-Baró and Segundo Montes, all of whom were assassinated with Ellacuría by the Salvadoran army, along with three colleagues and two employees. He earned his master's degree at Innsbruck University.
- Segundo Montes, S.J. (Valladolid, Spain, 15 May 1933 - San Salvador, El Salvador, 16 November 1989) was a scholar, philosopher, educator, sociologist and Jesuit priest. Segundo Montes was a close friend and colleague of the scholars Ignacio Martín-Baró and Ignacio Ellacuría, all of whom were murdered with Montes by the Salvadoran army, along with three other colleagues and two other employees. He earned his master's degree at Innsbruck University.
See also
External links